成人英语三级考试语法笔记：反意疑问句

 反意疑问句反意疑问句又叫附加疑问句。反义疑问句提出情况和看法，问对方同意不同意，这种问句都由两部分组成，前一部分用陈述句的形式，后一部分是一个附着在前一部分上的简短问句，如前一部分为肯定形式，后一部分通常用否定形式，前一部分为否定形式，后一部分就用肯定形式，两部分的时态要一致。

反意疑问句主要有下列两种形式：

1.肯定的陈述句 + 否定的附加疑问。
    例如：That car is running fast, isn't it?

2.否定的陈述句 + 肯定的附加疑问。
    例如：That car isn't running fast, is it?

几点应该注意的情况：

1.当陈述句部分的主语是 everybody, everyone, someone, no one, nobody, somebody 等合成词时， 加疑问部分中的主语 在非正式文体中往往用 they。
    例如：Nobody phoned while I was out, did they?

     Everyone enjoyed the party, didn't they?

     Somebody borrowed my pen yesterday, didn't they?

2.当陈述部分是 there- 存在句时，附加疑问句部分的动词用肯定形式。
    例如：There's no help for it, is there?

          There's something wrong, isn't there?

3.陈述部分带有 seldom, hardly, never, rarely, few, little, nowher, nothing 等否定词或半否定词时，附加疑问部分的动词用肯定形式。
    例如：Bob rarely got drunk, did he?

     Few people know him, do they?

     She seldom goes to the cinema, does she?

4.如果陈述部分是 I'm … 结构，附加疑问部分一般用aren't I.
    例如：I'm late, aren't I?

5.如果陈述部分以不定代词one 作主语，附加疑问句部分的主语在正式场合用 one，在非正式场合用 you。
    例如：One can't be too careful, can one/can you?

6.当陈述部分是一个带有 that-分词作宾语的主从结构时，附加疑问部分一般应与主语和谓语动词保持对应关系。
    例如：She says (that) I did it, doesn't she?

但是，当陈述部分的主句是 I suppose, I think, I believe 等结构时，附加疑问部分则往往与that-

分句中的主语和谓语动词保持对应关系，但要注意否定的转移。
    例如：I suppose (that) he's serious, isn't he?

     I don't think (that) she cares, doesn't she?

7.当陈述部分带有表示“所有”含义的动词 have 时，附加疑问部分既可以用have形式，也可用do 形式;如果陈述部分的动词是have的否定形式，附加疑问部分是用have形式还是用do形式，取决于陈述部分的动词形式。
    例如：You have a Rolls-Royce, haven't you/don't you?

     He hasn't a lot of time to spare, has he?

     Miss Smith doesn't have any money in her pocket, does she?

当陈述部分的have不表示“所有”而表示其他含义时，附加疑问部分则用do形式。
    例如：You often have headaches, don't you?

     She had a good time yesterday, didn't she?

8.陈述部分带有情态动词 ought to时，附加疑问部分在英国英语中仍用ought to形式，但在美国英语中常用should形式。
    例如：The child ought to be punished, oughtn't he?

     We ought to go there, shouldn't we?

9.陈述部分带有情态动词used to时，附加疑问部分可用used to形式或did形式。
    例如：The Greens used to live in the country, usedn't they?

     He used to smoke fifty cigarettes a day, didn't he?

10.陈述部分带有情态动词needn't时，附加疑问部分常用need，但有时也可用must。
     例如：You needn't go yet, need you?

      He needn't do that, must he?

11.陈述部分带有情态动词must表示“必须”时，附加疑问部分用mustn't。
     例如：You must work hard next term, mustn't you?

当陈述部分的must表示“有必要”时，附加疑问部分则用needn't。
     例如：You must go home right now, needn't you?

当mustn't表示“禁止”时，附加疑问部分一般用must。
     例如：You mustn't walk on grass, must you?

当陈述部分的must 表示“一定”、“想必”等推测意义时，附加疑问部分不用must，而要根据陈述部分的不定式结构采用相应的主动词或助动词形式。
     例如：He must be very tired, isn't he? (He must be very tired = I'm sure he is very tired.)

      He must have waited here for a long time, hasn't he? (He must have waited…= I'm sure he has waited …)

      You must have seen the play last week, didn't you? (You must have seen…= I am sure you saw…)

12.在由“祈使句+附加疑问”构成的附加疑问问句中，附加疑问部分一般用will you, won't you, would you, 有时也可用can you, can't you, why don't you, could you 等。
     例如：Don't move the chair, will you?

      Be quiet, would you?

      Give me some cigarettes, can you?

      Be quiet, can't you?

但是，以let's 开首的祈使句，附加疑问部分用shall we。
    例如：Let's go camping, shall we?

     Let's stop here, shall we?

以Let us开首的祈使句，如果含义是 allow us，不包括听话人在内时，附加疑问部分则用will you。
    例如：Let us go now, will you?

     Let us have a look at your book, will you?

13.当陈述部分是并列句，疑问部分通常与最临近的分句保持一致。
    例如：He is a teacher，but his wife is an engineer，isn't she?